15000BC Americas: Migrations across Bering Straits into the Americas. 13000BC Berber: Berber civilization in Moroccan Western Sahara 11000BC Maya: The first hunter-gatherers settle in the Maya highlands and lowlands. 10500BC Holland: Pesse canoe, Holland. 10000BC Ireland: Earliest settlers arrived in Ireland, in the Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age period. 9000BC Palistine: Agriculture in Palestine 8000BC Jericho: town developed and a stone wall which was 10 yards high surrounded the town. 8000BC Turkey: Multi level dwellings 7300BC Jericho: Jericho abandoned 6000BC- 5000BC Catal Huyuk: city in what is now Turkey. 5000BC Manhoes: Mangoes cultivated in SE Asia 5000BC Maya: Domestication of corn in Mexico 5000BC China: Evidence of rice cultivation, basketry 5000BC Cochise: The Cochise culture develops in what is now southern Arizona. 5000BC Cochise: The Cochise people grow vegetable crops 4500BC Ubadians: start the first civilization in southern Mesopotamia. 4500BC Egypt: Ancient Egyptians begin using burial texts to accompany their dead, first known written documents 4000BC Hamoukar: Walled City of Hamoukar inhabited 4000BC Ur: Ur, Mesopotamia, founded 4000BC Ubadians: Semites move in from the desert of modern Syria and Arabia. 4000BC Maya: Cultivation of maize begins in Mexico 3750BC Indus Valley: First evidence of cotton weaving. 3500BC Peru: First pyramids, made of earth, constructed in Peru 3500BC Ubadians: The oldest document describing the wheel. 3500BC Sumer: Epic of Gilgamesh, Sumeria. 3400BC Ubadians: First evidence of wheel-made pottery 3300BC Ubadians: A people called Sumerians move into the territory. 3300BC Sumer: Sumerians have the first kings, develop cuneiform writing, the wheel, the plow, the 60 second minute. Sumerian city-states emerge 3200BC Mesopotamia: Wheeled transport develops in Mesopotamia 3200BC Mesopotamia: Lunar calendar in Mesopotamia 3200BC Egypt: Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt 3200BC Egypt: Embalming of the dead developed in Egypt. 3114BC- 3113BC Maya: The creation of the world takes place, according to the Maya Long Count calendar. 3100BC Ubadians: The cuneiform writing system is starting to be used. 3100BC Egypt: Egyptian hieroglyphic writing 3100BC Egypt: First Dynasty of Egypt 3000BC Egypt: Egyptians develop weaving from plant fibers (flax) 3000BC China: Silk manufacturing. Domestication of sheep, cattle and water buffalo 2950BC England: Stonehenge Ditch dug 2925BC Egypt: Menes, first king of the 1st Egyptian Dynasty, Memphis. 2800BC Ubadians: The king of Kish, Etana, manages to defeat the other city states, and unites the country. 2700BC- 2800BC Sumer: King Meskiaggasher of Erech takes control of Sumer and extends his kingdom an area from Mediterranean Sea to the Zagros Mountains. 2750BC Egypt Imhotep, the first great physician and architect in history, constructs the first (stepped) stone pyramid at Saqqara, Egypt under ruler Zoser; the first great monumental building built by man. 2700BC Sumer: King Enmebaragesi becomes the ruler of Sumer, He makes Nippur the cultural centre of Sumer. 2600BC Maya: Maya civilization begins. 2600BC Troy: Water conduits in use under Troy 2600BC- 2500BC Ur: King Mesanepeda of Ur defeats the ruler of Sumer, and founds what is referred to as the 1st dynasty of Ur. 2589BC Egypt: Snefru, first King of the Egyptian 4th Dynasty, dies. 2576BC Egypt: Khufu unites Egypt. 2550BC Egypt: Khufu (Cheops-4th Dynasty) completes first Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt; which reigns as the tallest structure on Earth until completion of the Eiffel Tower in 1889 2500BC China: The horse is domesticated in China 2500BC* Egypt: The Book of the Dead written. 2500BC Sumer: King Lugalanemundu of Adab extends Sumer to cover the area from the the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, bordering the Taurus mountains in the north, and the Zagros mountains in the east. 2400BC- 2500BC Sumer: Conflicts between the city-states of Sumer, making the entire country weaker. 2400BC England: Big Stones at Stonehenge erected 2330BC Sumer: Sargon 1 the Great conquers all of Sumer, and makes the north-mesopotamian city Agade his new capital. This became the beginning of the Akkadian dynasty. 2300BC England: Metalworking begins. 2279BC Sumer: Sargon the Great of Sumeria dies 2220BC Sumer: The Gutians from the Zagros mountains conquer and take control over Akkad and Sumer. 2200BC Troy: Development of Troy II, III, IV 2197BC Sumer: Fall of Akkad in Sumeria to invading barbarians from Persia and northeast 2180BC Babylon: Babylonians build first underwater tunnel under the Euphrates River using bricks and "cut and cover" method 2100BC Sumer: Ur-Nammu, a general, founds the 3rd dynasty of Ur. 2082BC Egypt: Middle Kingdon begins in Egypt 2000BC Olmec: The rise of the Olmec civilization, from which many aspects of Maya culture are derived. Village farming becomes established throughout Maya regions. 2000BC Sumer: The Elamites destroy Ur and capture the king. 1900BC- 2000BC Sumer: Many wars between city-states in Sumer, at first between Isin and Larsa, later between Larsa and Babylon. 2000BC Egypt: Solar Calendar in Egypt 2000BC Egypt: Extensive commerce between Egypt and Crete 2000BC China: Xia Dynasty starts 2000BC- 1700BC Italy: Eruption of the 'Vesuvius' volcano destroys Avellino, in Italy 1700BC Greece: Earthquake devastates Greece. 1700BC Mycenean: Mycenean enter mainland Greece. 1991BC Egypt: 12th Dynasty in Egypt - Capitol Thebes - Expansion of the Empire 1950BC Babylon/Sumer: Third Dynasty of UR falls to the Babylonians and the Sumerian era ends. 1900BC Sumer: The Semitic tribe Amorites conquers most of Mesopotamia, and establishes their kings in Babylon. 1800BC Egypt: Egyptian belief in personal immortality 1792BC Babylon: Hammurabi becomes king of Babylonia, and over the next 3 decades he made Babylon the strong power in Mesopotamia. From him, we stop talking about Sumer, and start talking about Babylonia. However, Sumerian culture became a central part of Babylonian society. 1790BC Babylonia: Code of Hammurabi 1700BC- 1500BC Minoan: The height of Minoan Civilization is reached. 1650BC Hittite: Hittite culture develops in the Lower Euphrates River Region 1640BC Egypt: "Middle" Kingdom (2080-1640) ends in Egypt 1622BC Egypt: 18th Dynasty in Egypt - Capitols Thebes & Akhetaten - Triumph of Egyptian Empire over known world 1600BC Syria: Invention of alphabet (consonants only) 1600BC- 1500BC Indus Valley: The Aryans invade the INDUS VALLEY region. 1595BC Babylon/Hittite:Babylon is sacked by Hittites. 1570BC Egypt: "New" Kingdom (1570-1075) in Egypt begins 1550BC Babylonia: Kassites overthrow Babylonians 1550BC India: Writing disappears from India for a time with the destruction of the INDUS VALLEY civilization. 1525BC Egypt: 18th Dynasty in Egypt - Temple at Karnak, Egypt enriched to maximum glory 1500BC Arya/India: Aryans invade India, four-part caste system introduced. 1500BC Maya: Mayan civilization arises in Central America 1500BC Egypt: Sundial in use in Egypt 1500BC China: XIA Dynasty ends, Shang Dynasty begins 1500BC China: Chinese invent the crossbow 1458BC Egypt: Thutmose III, King of Egypt, takes Megiddo, passing easily through Cannae. 1450BC Egypt: Term "Pharoh" for Egyptian rulers comes into use. 1400BC Chavin: Chavin culture begins. By 900 B.C., it is a flourishing civilization: Peru's first. 1400BC Minoan: Destruction of Knossos and end of Minoan Civilization 1400BC Phoenician: Development of alphabet by Phoenicians 1390BC Egypt: Amenhotep III, King of Egypt. 1375BC Egypt: Akhenaton introduces monotheism in Egypt 1354BC- 1353BC: Egypt: Amenophis IV, Egyptian King, becomes Akhnaton (Moses/Oedipus?) 1350BC Hittite: Forged (tempered) Iron comes into use by the Hittites 1345BC Egypt: Tutankhamen, the "Boy-King" on the throne of Egypt 1340BC Egypt: Akhnaton founds new capital, AkhtAton (the City of Horizon) 1323BC Egypt: Tutankhamun died 1314BC Egypt: 19th Dynasty in Egypt - Capitols Tanis & Thebes - Military power in recurrent wars 1300BC Jericho: Conquest of Jericho from the Canaanites 1300BC Egypt: Transparent glass invented in Egypt 1300BC Egypt: Use of Papyrus, pen, and ink for writing in Egypt 1290BC Egypt: Seti 1st, Egyptian Pharaoh, died. 1292BC Egypt: Ramses II begins reign of 67 years in Egypt till his death in 1225 - Egypt reaches its zeneth during his reign 1280BC Troy: Troy sacked by the Greeks 1250BC Egypt: Moses unites Hebrews in worship of Yahweh 1213BC Egypt: Ramesses II died 1200BC Troy: The Trojan War, civil war, and the fall of the Mycenean. 1200BC Egypt 20th Dynasty in Egypt - Capitol Thebes - Recovery and Decadence of Central Power 1180BC Babylonia: First Babylonian Dynasty falls into anarchy. 1100BC Mycenean: End of Mycenean age and civilization. Early city states are ruled through monarchy. 1085BC Egypt: 21st Dynasty in Egypt - Capitols Tanis & Thebes - Power splits with Lower Egypt ruled from Tanis and Upper Egypt ruled from Thebes 1075BC Egypt: "New" Kingdom (1570-1075) in Egypt ends 1000BC India: Rise of caste system in India 1000BC India: The Rig Veda, the first Vedic literature, is written. 1000BC China: Shang dynasty ends, Zhou dynasty begins 1000BC Adena: Adena culture begins in the Ohio valley 980BC Hebrew: Saul became King of Hebrews, Tribe of Benjamin. 970BC Judah: Biblical David becomes King of Judah (Hebron Valley) 970BC Hebrew: Ishbaal (Saul's Son) ruled as 'King' over the Hebrews northern kingdom, Israel? 960BC Judah: Biblical David becomes King of Judah/Israel and moves to Jerusalem, then abdicates yet maintains control? 959BC Judah: Biblical Solomon becomes King of Judah/Israel? 958BC Judah: Hiram begins building Biblical Temple, at Jerusalem, for Solomon. 922BC Judah: Solomon dies? 814BC Carthage: Traditional time for the founding of Carthage on the North Coast of Africa (modern day Tunisia) 800BC Greece: Beginning of city-states in Greece 800BC- 700BC Greece: Monarchies begin to be replaced by Aristocratic Republics. 800BC- 600BC India: The Brahmans, a priestly caste, begin to emerge. 776BC Greece: Date of the first Olympic games. 753BC Rome: Rome founded. 750BC Greece: The Iliad and The Odyssey 747BC Assyria: Nabonassar becomes King of Assyria 732BC Assyria/Israel: Israel overrun by Assyrians, Refugees flee to Judah. 727BC Judah: Hezekiah becomes King of Judah 718BC Rome: The Eternal Flame of Rome is ignited, tended by the Vestal Virgins. It was the longest lasting fire, continuing to burn for 1112 years until it was allowed to die-out in 394 AD 705BC Assyria: Death of Sargon II, King of Assyria 704BC Babylonia/Syria:Sennacherib (Senake-riba) comes to power over Syria / Babylon 701BC Assyria: Assyrian army, under the ruler Sennacherib, lays siege to Jerusalem. 701BC Judah: First invasion of Judah by Sennacherib (Senake-riba), which routed rebellious Jews and exacted a heavy toll upon them. 700BC Greece: Earliest Greek settlement in Egypt's Nile delta 700BC Olmec: Writing is developed in Mesoamérica. 690BC Judah: Second invasion of Judah by Sennacherib thwarted by a plague in the 185,000 man Assyrian Army. 689BC Babylonia: City of Babylon (Mesopotamia on Euphrates River) destroyed by the Assyrians under Sennacherib. 681BC Assyria: Sennacherib (Senake-riba) , King of Assyria, assassinated by two of his sons. Esarhaddon comes to power 680BC Rome: Estruscan Tarquins take control of Rome 667BC Byzantium: Byzantium City (future Constantinople) founded by Megara Greeks 665BC Greece: Traditional date for founding of Cyrene by Greeks from Thera 664BC Assyria/Egypt: Sacking of Thebes (Valley of Kings) by the Assyrians. 650BC Celts: Celtic tribes from central Europe encrouch on northern Italy 650BC Greece: Shift from cavalry to infantry in Greece 626BC Babylon/Assyria:Nabopolasser of Babylonia begins campaign to conquer Assyria. 625BC Persia: Zoroaster formulates religion in Persia 621BC Judah: King Josiah of Judah purges the Temple in Jerusalem, of 'pagan' influences. 621BC Athens: Draco's code of law - Athens. 612BC Babylon/Assyria:City of Ninevah captured by Nabopolassar allied with the Medes and Persians bringing the downfall of Assyrian Empire. New Babylonian (Chaldaean) Empire established. 609BC Judah: King Josiah of Judah dies at Megiddo 604BC Babylon/Judah: Jerusalem attacked by Nebuchadrezzar II. 600BC Rome: Public Square "The Forum Romanum" is created in Rome 600BC Rome: Tradition of Cremation becomes a part of Roman Culture 600BC Greece: Coin currency introduced. 600BC Ireland: Celts started arriving in Ireland, from central Europe. They continued to arrive, up to the time of Christianity. They soon began to dominate Ireland, and the earliet settlers. The Celts belonged linguistically to the Indo-European culture. 597BC Judah: Nebuchadnezzar crushes Judian revolt and places Zedekiah, as puppit king, who reigns as the Last King of Judah for nine years until 586 BC. 586BC Babylonia: Nebuchadnezzar conquers Jerusalem 580BC Persia: Birth of Cyrus the Great of Persia 575BC Babylon: City of Babylon becomes largest city in the ancient world of that time 570BC Babylon: Tower of Babal constructed in City of Babylon 563BC India: Gautama Siddharta Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is born somewhere in what is today Nepal. He will die sometime around 483. 562BC Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar age 84, King of Babylonia, dies. 559BC Persia: Cyres the Great comes to power in Persia 552BC Greece: Temple of Artemis\Diana built at Ephesus (third wonder of the world). 550BC Persia: Cyrus the Great founds Persian Empire - Temple of Artemis (called Temple of Diana by the Romans) built in Ephesus (Kucuk Menderes), W. Turkey. 550BC Sardis: Gold coins come into use in Sardis, Western Turkey 549BC Babylon: Belshazzar comes to power in Babylonia 546BC Persia: Persian invasion and conquest of Greek territories through out Asia Minor. 540BC India: Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, is born. He will die around 486 539BC Babylonia: Conquest of Babylon by Persians 537BC India/Persia: Cyrus the Persian campaigns west of the Indus River 537BC Persia/Judah: Cyrus King of Persia issues the famous edict ending the Babylonian Captivity of Judah, who return to Jerusalem to build 2nd (Zerubbabel's) Temple - Cuniform writing declines in use. 529BC Persia: Death of Cyrus the Great of Persia 525BC Egypt/Persia: Cambyses, the Persian ruler, conquers Egypt 521BC China: First written reference to Iron in China 517BC- 509BC India/Persia: Darius the Persian conquers the INDUS VALLEY region, making the area a province of the Persian Empire. 515BC Juhad: Second (Zerubbabel's) Temple on Mount Moriah completed at Jerusalem, of which only the sacred "Western Wall" remains today 513BC India/Persia: Persian conquest of northwestern India and Indus Valley 509BC Rome: Establishment of Roman Republic 507BC Greece: Cleisthenes' democratic constitution. 500BC China: Crop cultivation in rows in China 500BC China: Iron plow in China 500BC Persia: Royal Road of Persians 494BC Rome: The protest of the plebeians and the establishment of the plebeian tribunate 490BC Persia/Greece: First Persian invasion of Greece, the Battle of Marathon. 480BC Persia/Greece: Second Persian invasion of Greece, Spartans are defeated at Thermopylae, Athens is occupied by the Persians. The Persians are finally defeated at Salamis. 479BC Persia/Greece: Persians are defeated at Plataea. 471BC Rome: Lex Publilia Voleronis Recognizes Concilium of the Plebeians and Tribunes 460BC Greece: The Parthenon 450BC Rome: Law of the Twelve Tables, Rome 448BC Persia/Greece: Peace with the Persians 437BC- 406BC Rome/Fidenaen: The Roman Fidenaen war 431BC- 404BC Athens/Sparta: The Peloponnesian War 432BC Athens: The Parthenon, Athens, completed 430BC Athens: Plague in Athens 411BC Athens: Revolts in Athens 404BC Athens/Sparta: Athens Surrenders to Sparta. 400BC Olmec: The earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among the Maya. 400BC China: Coinage in China 400BC China: Trace harness in China 399BC Greece: Socrates dies, Athens, Greece 371BC Thebes/Sparta: Thebes defeats Sparta at Leuctra 338BC Greece: Macedonian conquest of Greece 336BC- 323BC Greece: Alexander the Great's reign begins. 333BC Greece/Turkey: Alexander the Great wins 'Battle of Issus', Turkey. 327BC Greece/India: Alexander the Great passes through the INDUS VALLEY installing Greek officials in the area. 323BC Greece: Death of Alexander, division of his empire 323BC India: Chandragupta Maurya founds the Maurya dynasty, the first Indian empire. Its capital is in Patna. By 184, this dynasty will conquer most of India. 304BC India: Chandragupta trades 500 war elephants to Seleucus in exchange for the Indus region and regions immediately to the West. 300BC Olmec: The Maya adopt the idea of a hierarchical society ruled by nobles and kings. 300BC China: Wrought iron in China 264BC- 146BC Rome: Punic Wars 250BC China: Qin ruler adopts Legalism 240BC China: Halley's comet reported in China. 221BC China: Zhou dynasty ends, Qin dynasty begins 221BC China Great Wall of China begun 212BC Greece: Archimedes dies. 206BC China: Qin dynasty ends, Western Han dynasty begins, The Imperial Library is destroyed 200BC China: Use of the seed drill in China 200BC China: Hsiung-nu lay siege to the emperor 200BC- 196BC Greece/Rome: First Roman victories over Greece. 196BC Egypt: The Rosetta Stone is carved 191BC China: End of the prohibition against books. 184BC India: The Maurya dynasty ends when the last ruler is assassinated by an ambitious army commander 183BC Greece/India: Greek Invasion of India 164BC Bablyon: Halley's comet recorded on Babylonian 'Cuneiform' Tablets. 150BC England: Metal coinage comes into use 148BC Greece/Rome: Macedonia becomes a Roman providence. 146BC Greece/Rome: Corinth destroyed by the Romans. 146BC Greece/Rome: Destruction of Carthage by Rome 140BC China/India: First Chinese ambassadors to India 108BC China/Korea: China conquered Ch'ao Hsien (Korea) 100BC Ireland: Arrival of the Gaels 100BC Japan: Beginning of Japanese state 100BC China: Invention of the Rudder in China 100BC Maya: The city of Teotihuacán is founded and for centuries is the cultural, religious and trading centre of Mesoamérica. 88BC Rome: Sulla's first march on Rome 87BC China: Ssu-ma Ch'ien writes the first general history of China. 86BC Athens: Athens is sacked by Sulla. 86BC Halley's comet. 82BC Rome: Sulla's Dictatorship 63BC Rome: Birth of Octavian, later Augustus Caesar 63BC Rome/Pompey: Roman invasion of Pompey 60BC Rome: First Triumvirate of Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar 55BC Rome/Britain: Julius Caesar attempts invasion of Britain 58BC- 51BC Rome: Caesar's Gallic Wars 52BC France: Lutetia is built, the future Paris 50BC England: Gallic revolt 50 BC 50BC Maya: The Maya city of Cerros is built, with a complex of temples and ball courts. 47BC Greece: Fire destroys the great library at Alexandria 46BC- 44BC Rome: Dictatorship of Caesar in Rome 44BC Rome: Gaius Julius Caesar assassinated (March 15th) 43BC- 33BC Rome: Second Triumvirate of Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian 43BC China/Vietnam: Tonkin and Annam are conquered bu China 41BC Rome/Egypt: Cleopatra sails into Tarsus to meet Mark Antony 37BC Judah: Herod the Great, ruler of Judaea 31BC Rome/Egypt: Cleopatra and Mark Anthony die 30BC Rome/Egypt: Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire 27BC- 14AD Rome: Principate of Augustus Caesar in Rome 11BC Halley's comet. 7BC Rome: Approx birth of Christ 4BC Judah Herod the Great dies at Jericho 5AD England/Rome: Rome acknowledges Cymbeline, King of the Catuvellauni, as king of Britain 9AD Rome/Cherusci: The Battle of Teutoburg Forest 14AD Rome: 'Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius' died. 25AD China: Eastern Han dynasty replaced Western Han dynasty Buddhism is introduced to China. 27AD Rome: The Roman Republic becomes the Roman Empire. 32AD Rome: Crucifixion of Jesus. 43AD France: Lugdunum (Lyon) becomes the capital of the Gauls 60AD- 61AD Rome/Iceni: The Rebellion of Boudicca 61AD Rome: Treaty of Samos between Rome and Kush 64AD Rome: Roman Emperor, Nero, persecutes Christians. 66AD Halley's comet 77AD Rome/England: The Roman conquest of Britain is complete, as Wales is finally subdued; Julius Agricola is imperial governor (to 84) 79AD Rome: Eruption of Vesuvius 80AD Rome: The Colosseum 100AD Olmec: The decline of the Olmecs. 120AD Greece: The Pantheon 122AD Rome/England: Construction of Hadrian's Wall ordered along the northern frontier, for the purpose of hindering incursions of the aggressive tribes there into Britannia 141AD Halley's comet. 156AD China: Death of Chang Ling, one of the founders of religious Taoism 166AD China/Rome: Traders from the Roman Empire arrive in Tonkin 200AD Ireland: eginnings of High Kingship at Tara, Co Meath 200AD China: Porcelain in China 218AD Halley's comet. 220AD China: Han dynasty ends, Three Kindoms period begins. 235AD- 284AD Rome: Civil war in the Roman empire 250AD Axum: Kingdom of Axum (Ethiopia) controls Red Sea trade 265AD China: Western Jin Dynasty begins. 280AD China: Three Kindoms period ends 295AD Halley's comet 311AD Rome: Beginning of toleration of Christians in Roman Empire 317AD China: Wester Jin dynasty ends, Eastern Jin dynasty begins. 324AD Rome: City of Constantinople was founded 340AD Egypt: Pachomius draws up code of monastic behavior in Luxor, Egypt 347AD Halley's comet. 360AD Rome: The Beginning of the Barbarian Invasions 380AD Rome: Christianity becomes the official Roman religion 386AD China: Northern Dynasty begins. 400AD Maya: The Maya highlands fall under the domination of Teotihuacán, and the disintegration of Maya culture and language begins in some parts of the highlands. 405AD Japan: Adoption of Chinese writing in Japan 410AD England/Rome: Britain gains "independence" from Rome 410AD Rome: Visigoths sack Rome 420AD China: Southern Dynasty begins. 431AD Ireland: Pope Celestine 1 sent Palladius to the Irish, as their first Bishop. Palladius died soon after. 432AD Ireland: Arrival of St. Patrick to help convert pagan Gaelic Kings to Christianity. 445AD England: Vortigern comes to power in Britain. 450AD Ghana: Rise of Ghana in West Africa 451AD Halley's comet. 461AD Ireland: St. Patrick dies 476AD Rome: Deposition of last western Roman emporer, Emperor Romulus Augustulus 485AD- 511AD France: Reign of Clovis I, Merovingian King of the Franks 500AD Maya: Tikal becomes the first great Maya city, as citizens from Teotihuacán make their way there, introducing new ideas involving weaponry, captives, ritual practices and human sacrifice. 500AD China: Manufacture of glass and magnetic compass in China 530AD Halley's comet. 549AD Rome: Last chariot races in Rome's Circus Maximus. 550AD Rome: Corpus of Roman law 552AD Japan: Spread of Buddhism in Japan 561AD Ireland: Battle of Culdremna. 563AD Ireland: Columcille sails to Iona, where he Christianised Scotland and much of England. 581AD China: Northern Dynasty ends, Sui dynasty begins 589AD China: Southern dynasty ends. 597AD Ireland: Columcille dies. 600AD France: Settlement by the Franks, the barbarian tribe from which France derives its name. 600AD Maya: Manufacture of bark paper in Mayan civilzation 600AD Maya: An unknown event destroys the civilization at Teotihuacán, along with the empire it supported. Tikal becomes the largest city-state in Mesoamérica. 604AD Japan: Shotoku's Seventeen Article Constitution in Japan 605AD- 610AD China: he First Grand Canal is built 607AD Halley's comet. 612AD- 614AD China/Korea: Unsuccessful invasion of Korea 615AD China/Turks: Turkish invasion which almost captures the Emperor. 618AD China: Sui dynasty ends, Tang dynasty begins 621AD China: First Zoroastrian temple built is Ch'ang-an 630AD China/Turks: Defeat of Eastern Turks 635AD China: First Nestorian Christian missionary arrives in Ch'ang-an 636AD- 637AD France: Dagobert I, last Mervingian king 651AD Syria/Persia: Muslims conquer Syria, Persia and Egypt 641AD Egypt: Muslim conquest of Egypt 656AD China/Turks: Defeat of Western Turks 684AD Halley's comet. 700AD Pueblo: The Anasazi culture evolves into its Pueblo period. 710AD Japan: Nara establised as Japan's first capitol (and first city) 711AD Spain: Muslims conquer Spain 732AD France: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers, stopping Arab invasion 750AD England: Beowulf 750AD Ireland: Book of Kells 751AD China: Battle of Talas: Chinese defeated by Arabs--The farthest westward advance of the Chinese Empire. As a result of this battle, Paper making spreads to the Abbasid Empire 751AD France: Pepin the Short annointed king of the Franks 751AD Maya: Long-standing Maya alliances begin to break down. Trade between Maya city-states declines, and inter-state conflict increases. 760AD Halley's comet. 763AD China/Tibet: Tibetans raid the capital of Ch'ang-an 768AD- 814AD France: Charlemagne rules as King of the Franks 793AD England/Vikings:Vikings invade Britain for the first time in a surprise attack on the monastic community at Lindisfarne 800AD France: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III 800AD Ireland: Ireland attacked by Viking Norsemen, on Lambay Island, off Dublin. 814AD- 840AD France: Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as emperor 821AD China/Tibet: Peace Between China and Tibet 837AD Halley's comet. 839AD China: The official texts of the Confucian classics is engraved on stones. 843AD France: Treaty of Verdun partitions the Carolingian Empire 847AD Scotland: Unification of Scots and Picts 865AD England/Viking: Viking' invasion of England. 870AD France: Treaty of Mersen allows eastern and western Frankish kingdoms to absorb the fragmented middle lands 879AD China: Looting of Canton 899AD Maya: Tikal is abandoned. 900AD China/Japan: Woodblock printing of books in China, Japan, and Korea 900AD Maya: The Classic Period of Maya history ends, with the collapse of the southern lowland cities. Maya cities in the northern Yucatán continue to thrive. 907AD China: Tang dynasty ends, Later Liang dynasty begins 910AD France: Foundation of the monastery of Cluny 912AD Halley's comet. 914AD Ireland: Vikings established settlements at Waterford. 916AD Ireland: Vikings established settlements at Dublin. 916AD China: liao dynasty begins. 920AD Ireland: Vikings established settlements at Limerick. 923AD China: Later Liang dynasty ends, Later Tang dynasty begins 936AD China: Later Tang dynasty ends, Later Jin dynasty begins 947AD China: Later Jin dynasty ends, Later Han dynasty begins. 950AD Toltec: Beginning of the Toltec civilization in Tula, Mexico; invade the Mayan city of Chichen Itza 951AD China: Later Han dynasty ends, Later Zhou dynasty begins 960AD China: Later Zhou dynasty ends, Northern Song Dynasty begins 987AD France: Hugh Capet starts Capetian dynasty 988AD Russia: Byzantine conversion of Russia to Christianity 989AD Halley's comet. 999AD Ireland: Brian Boru defeated Vikings 1002AD Ireland: Brian Boru wins recognition as king of all Ireland 1003AD England/Norse: Sweyn and an army of Norsemen land in England and wreak a terrible vengeance 1014AD Ireland: High King Brian Boru, killed at Battle of Clontarf. 1015AD England/Denmark:Canute again invades England; war between Danes and Saxons 1017AD England: Canute divides England into four earldoms 1018AD Scotland: The unification of Scotland 1024AD China: China issues the world's first paper currency. 1044AD China: Peace established between China and the Hsi-Hsia 1054AD Rome: Beginning of Schism between Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches 1054AD China/Arabia: Supernova (Crab Nebula) recorded in China\Arabia 1066AD England/Norman: Norman conquest of England 1066AD Halley's comet. 1067AD England: Work is begun on building the Tower of London. 1070AD England: Hereward the Wake begins a Saxon revolt in the Fens of eastern England; Lanfranc, an Italian lawyer, becomes William's formidable Archbishop of Canterbury. Lanfranc rebuilds Canterbury Cathedral and establishes the primacy of the see of Canterbury over York, but does not enforce clerical celibacy. 1072AD England/Scots: William invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake. 1080AD England: William, in a letter, reminds the bishop of Rome that the King of England owes him no allegiance. 1088AD China: Su Song's Clock 1095AD- 1099AD England: First Crusade 1099AD Jerusalem The city is lost to the crusaders 1100AD Pueblo: The Pueblo culture in the northern Arizona and New Mexico area reaches its height, with large apartment-type structures and many material goods. 1114AD England/France: Matilda (Maud), daughter of Henry I of England marries Emperor Henry V 1115AD China: Jin Dynasty Begins. 1118AD England: Hugues de Payens founds the order of Knights of Templars 1120AD France: St Denis Cathedral is rebuilt: birth of Gothic architecture 1125AD China: Liao Dynasty ends 1127AD China: Northern Song Dynasty ends, Southern Song Dynasty begins. 1139AD England: Matilda lands in England 1141AD England: Matilda captures Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, and reigns disastrously as queen; she is driven out by a popular rising and Stephen restored 1145AD Halley's comet. 1148AD England: Matilda leaves England for the last time 1150AD China: Explosive powder used in weapons in China 1153AD England: Henry of Anjou, son of Matilda, invades England and forces Stephen to make him heir to the English throne 1154AD England: Henry II becomes 'King of England'. 1161AD China: Explosives were used to defeat the Chin at Ts'ai-shih 1167AD Ireland: Arrival of Normans at Baginbun, Co. Wexford, thus started 800 year struggle between English and Irish. 1187AD Muslims Muslims under Saladin retake Jerusalem 1167AD- 1227AD Mongols: Genghis Khan. 1189AD England: Richard I, Coeur de Lion, eldest surviving son of Henry II, King of England (to 1199) 1191AD England: The bodies of King Arthur and Guinevere were reported to have been exhumed from a grave at Glastonbury Abbey; Richard I conquers Cyprus and captures the city of Acre 1192AD Japan: Establishment of Shogunate in Japan 1192AD England/Austria:Richard I captures Jaffa, makes peace with Saladin; on the way home he is captured by his enemy, Duke Leopold of Austria 1192AD India: Destruction of Buddhism in India 1193AD England/France: Leopold hands Richard over to Emperor Henry VI, who demands ransom 1194AD England: Richard is ransomed and returned to England 1200AD Egypt: Famine in Cairo. 1200AD Japan: Zen Buddhism in Japan 1200AD China: Innoculation for smallpox in China 1200AD Maya: Northern Maya cities begin to be abandoned. 1204AD Constantinople: Fourth Crusade attacks, takes Constantinople 1209AD England: Cambridge University is founded in England 1212AD Spain: Spanish victory over Muslims at Las Navas de Tolosa 1215AD China/Mongols: Beijing is captured by the Mongols. 1215AD England: Magna Carta 1216AD England: Henry III becomes king of England at age nine (to 1272) 1216AD- 1217AD England/France: French Invasion of England 1222AD Halley's comet. 1224AD Maya: The city of Chichén Itzá is abandoned by the Toltecs. The Itzá people settle in the deserted area. 1224AD Ghana: Decline of the Kingdom of Ghana 1225AD England: The origin of the story of Robin Hood, really, Robert Hod 1227AD England: Henry III begins personal rule in England 1234AD China: Jin dynasty ends. 1235AD China: Development of Chinese drama 1235AD Ireland: Richard de Burgo conquered Connacht. 1237AD Russia/Monguls Mongols conquer Russia 1238AD China: Kublai Khan establishes the Imperial Library at Beijing 1244AD Itza: The Itzá abandon Chichén Itzá for reasons unknown. 1256AD England: Prince Llewellyn sweeps English from Wales 1258AD England: British House of Commons established 1258AD Mongols: Mongols destroy Baghdad and kill the last Abbasid Caliph 1263AD Itza: The Itzá begin building the city of Mayapán. 1264AD England: Simon de Montfort and other English barons defeat Henry III at battle of Lewes 1267AD China/Mongols: Canton is captured by the Mongols 1271AD China: Yuan dynasty begins, Kublai Khan Becomes emperor of China. 1272AD England: Edward I, King of England (to 1307) 1274AD Mongols/Japan: Mongols unsuccessful attempt to invade Japan 1276AD China/Mongols: Canton is captured by the Mongols 1280AD China: Yuan Dynasty is founded after all of China is conquered 1281AD Mongols/Japan: Mongols unsuccessful attempt to invade Japan 1283AD Itza: Mayapán becomes the capital of Yucatán, as the League of Mayapán rules the country. 1283AD England: Edward I defeats and kills Llewellyn, Prince of Wales, and executes Llewellyn's brother David; conquest of Wales complete 1290AD England: Edward I expells all Jews from England 1295AD Italy: Marco Polo returns to Venice. 1295AD England: Model Parliament of Edward I : knights and burgesses from English shires and towns summoned. First representative parliament 1296AD England/Scots: Edward I of England deposes John Balliol from Scottish throne 1297AD England/Scots: Battle of Cambuskenneth: Scottish patriot William Wallace defeats English army 1298AD England/Scots: Edward I defeats Wallace at battle of Falkirk and reconquers Scotland 1300AD China: Marco Polo travels in China 1301AD Halley's comet. 1301AD England: Edward I of England invests his baby son Edward as Prince of Wales 1300AD- 1368AD China/Mongols: White Lotus Society, White Cloud Society and Red Turbans lead rebellions against Mongol rule 1305AD England/Scots: The English capture and execute William Wallace 1306AD France: All 'Jews' in France arrested. 1306AD England/Scots: New Scottish rebellion against English rule led by Robert Bruce. Robert I, the Bruce crowned King of Scotland (to 1329) at Scone 1307AD France: All Templars in France arrested, Friday the 13th. 1307AD England: Edward I dies on march north to crush Robert Bruce. Edward II, King of England (to 1327) 1312AD England: Order of Knights Templar abolished 1314AD England/Scots: Battle of Bannockburn: Robert Bruce defeats Edward II and makes Scotland independent 1325AD Aztecs: Tenochtitlán (Mexico City) founded by Aztecs 1326AD England/France: Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer sail from France with an army to rebel against Edward II of England 1327AD England: Parliament declares Edward II deposed, and his son accedes to the throne as Edward III. Edward II is hideously murdered, nine months later 1333AD England/Scots: Edward III invades Scotland on Balliol's behalf and defeats the Scots at battle of Halidon Hill 1337AD England/France: Philip declares Edward's fiefs forfeit and begins harassing the frontiers of Aquitaine; Edward III, provoked by these attacks on his territories in France, declares himself king of France; "The Hundred Years' War " begins (ends 1453) 1338AD England/France: Treaty of Koblenz: alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire; Edward III formally claims the French crown. 1340AD England/France: Naval victory at Sluys gives England the command of the English Channel; 1340AD England: English Parliament passes four statues providing that taxation shall be imposed only by Parliament 1346AD England/France: Edward III of England invades France with a large army and defeats an even bigger army under Philip VI at the Battle of Crécy 1348AD England: First outbreak of the Black Death 1350AD Pueblo/Apache: Tuzigoot pueblo, in what is now northern Arizona, is abandoned and the land is occupied by Yavapai and/or Western Apache people. 1350AD Inca: Beginning of Inca Empire in Peru 1356AD England/France: Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III, defeats the French at the battle of Poitiers, capturing King John II 1360AD England/France: Peace of Bretigny ends the first stage of the Hundred Years' War. Edward III gives up claim to French throne 1361AD Ireland: An edict bans pure-blooded from becoming mayors, baillifs, officers of the king or clerygmen, serving the English. 1366AD Ireland: Statutes of Kilkenny forbade Irish/English marriages and preventing English to use Irish language, custom or laws. 1368AD China: Yuan dynasty ends, Ming dynasty begins 1372AD England/France: French troops recapture Poitou and Brittany; Naval battle of La Rochelle: French regain control of English Channel 1373AD England/France: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, leads new English invasion of France 1374AD England: ohn of Gaunt returns to England and takes charge of the government; Edward III in his dotage, the Black Prince is ill 1375AD England/France: Truce of Bruges ends hostilities between England and France 1376AD Italy: 'Tarot cards' are forbidden in Florence 1377AD England: Richard II, son of the Black Prince, King of England 1378AD Halley's comet. 1381AD England: English peasant's revolt 1389AD England: Richard II, aged 22, assumes power 1390AD England: Chaucer's Canterbury Tales 1390AD Iroquois: The Great Binding * Law is proclaimed by Huron * prophet Deganawidah, establishing the Five (later Six) Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. The five original nations are the Oneida, Onondaga, Mohawk, Seneca, and Cayuga 1394AD Ireland/England:October. King Richard II, landed at Waterford, and marched up to Dublin. 1399AD England: Death of John of Gaunt; Gaunt's eldest son, Henry of Bolingbroke, lands in Yorkshire with 40 followers, and soon has 60,000 supporters: Richard II is deposed; Bolingbroke becomes Henry IV, King of England (to 1413) 1400AD Pueblo: The last pueblo community in southern Arizona, Casa Grande, is abandoned 1400AD England: Richard II murdered at Pontefract Castle; Owen Glendower proclaims himself Prince of Wales and begins rebellion 1406AD- 1424AD China/Vietnam: Chinese occupy Vietnam. 1415AD England/France: Henry V invades France, and defeats the French at Agincourt 1421AD China: Construction begins on the Forbidden City in Beijing. 1424AD England/France: John, Duke of Bedford, regent for Henry VI of England, defeats the French at Cravant 1428AD Aztec: Beginning of great Aztec conquests 1428AD England/France: Henry VI begins siege of Orleans 1429AD England/France: A French force, led by military commander Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc), relieves the siege of Orleans; Charles VII crowned king of France at Rheims 1430AD England/France: Burgundians capture Jeanne d'Arc and hand her over to the English 1431AD England/France: Jeanne d'Arc burned as a witch at Rouen; Henry VI of England crowned king of France in Paris 1441AD Izta: There is a rebellion within Mayapán and the city is abandoned by 1461. After this, political union is lost in Yucatán. Sixteen rival groups compete among themselves to rule over the others. 1453AD England/France: Bordeaux falls to the French, Hundred Years' War ends; England's only French possession is Calais 1453AD Turks: Turks conquer Constantinople and end Byzantine Empire 1456AD Halley's comet. 1464AD France: King of France establishes postal system 1482AD Spain: Torquemada becomes the head of 'The Inquisition', a Dominican. 1492AD Spain: Christopher Columubus sets sail for the west 1492AD Spain: All 'Jews' in Spain expelled. 1500AD China: The last major work on the Great Wall of China was completed during the Ming Dynasty around AD 1500. 1509AD England: Henry VIII becomes King of England 1513AD Scotland: King James IV of Scotland died, Battle of Flodden. 1515AD Ireland: Anarchy in Ireland. 1515AD France: François I crowned King 1517AD Spain: The Spanish first arrive on the shores of Yucatán under Hernández de Córdoba, who later dies of wounds received in battle against the Maya. The arrival of the Spanish ushers in Old World diseases unknown among the Maya, including smallpox, influenza and measles. Within a century, 90 per cent of Mesoamérica's native populations will be killed off. 1519AD Spain/Aztec: Defeat of Aztec Empire by Cortes 1519AD France: Leonardo da Vinci dies in the arms of François I 1524AD Spain/Itza: Cortés meets the Itzá people, the last of the Maya to remain unconquered by the Spanish. 1528AD Spain/Maya: The Spanish under Francisco de Montejo begin their conquest of the northern Maya. The Maya fight back with surprising vigour, keeping the Spanish at bay for several years. 1531AD England: Henry VIII becomes Supreme Head of the church in England 1531AD Halley's comet. 1533AD Spain/Inca: Defeat of Inca Empire by Pizarro 1534AD Ireland: Kildare rebellion. 1539AD France: French replaces Latin as the official language. 1540AD England: Henry VIII abolished 'Orders of Chivalry'. 1541AD Ireland/England:Henry VIII declares himself king of Ireland. 1541AD Spain/Maya: The Spanish are finally able to subdue the Maya and put an end to Maya resistance. Revolt continues, however, to plague the Spaniards off and on for the rest of the century. 1542AD Spain: The Spanish establish a capital city at Mérida in Yucatán. 1543AD Spain: 'Spanish Inquisition' begins burning 'Protestants' at the stake. 1545AD Ireland: The Council of Trent gives Catholics a greater sense of purpose. 1547AD Ireland: Henry VIII dies, succeeded by the boy king Edward VI. England and Ireland were ruled by the senior nobility of England. 1550AD China: Altan Khan attempts to take Beijing. 1553AD England: Mary ascends the Throne. 1558AD England: Accession of Elizabeth I. 1562AD Ireland/England:Elizabethan Wars in Ireland. 1564AD England: William Shakespeare born 1572AD France: Massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew's Eve in Paris 1585AD England: Roanoke, VA, first English colony, first white baby in America (Virginia Dare). 1587AD England: Queen Elizabeth authorizes the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, for allegedly plotting against her 1588AD Spain/England: Spanish Armada sent by Philip of Spain, to conquer England. 1590AD England: Roanoke, VA, the "lost" colony disappears. 1595AD England: Shakespeare wrote "A Midsummer's Nights Dream" 1602AD England: Dutch East India Company founded 1603AD England: James VI of Scotland becomes 'James 1'st, of England'. 1605AD Spain: Cervantess Don Quixote published 1606AD Australia: Australia discovered by Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon 1607AD Halley's comet. 1607AD England: 105 London Company sponsored settlers arrive in Jamestown, Virginia from England. The first permanent colony, was motivated by economic reasons (as opposed to religious reasons), only moderately successful.) 1608AD France: Founding of Quebec 1609AD England/Iroquis:On an expedition of discovery, Samuel de Champlain and his Huron allies battled a band of Iroquis on the Ticonderoga Peninsula in present day New York. 1610AD France: King Henry IV of France assassinated. Succeeded by nine year old son, King Louis XIII, who ruled till 1643. 1612AD England: King James version of Bible published. 1616AD England: Shakespeare dies 1617AD France: Louis XIII crowned at the age of 17 1620AD England: Charles I becomes King of England. 1620AD England: The Mayflower lands at Plymouth Rock, MA with the Pilgrims 1621AD England: the Pilgrims celebrate the first Thanksgiving 1622AD England: Indian massacre of 300 plus settlers in Virginia 1623AD Navajo/Spain: Members of the Jemez Apache (NAVAJO) tribe war against Spaniards and Tiwas in the area of New Mexico 1631AD France: A French newspaper carries classified ads 1641AD Ireland: Great Catholic-Gaelic rebellion for return of lands, later joined by Old English Catholics in Ireland. Under leadership of Irish chieftain, Rory O'More, conspiracy was formed to seize Dublin and expel the English. English settlers were driven out of Ulster. Catholics hold 59% of land in Ireland. 1642AD Ireland: Confederation of Kilkenny met. 1642AD England: English Civil War begins 1644AD China: Ming dynasty ends, Qing dynasty begins 1647AD Ireland: Alliance between lords of Pale and native Irishmen came to an end 1648AD India: Taj Mahal completed in Agra 1649AD Ireland: English soldier & statesman, Oliver Cromwell, landed at Dublin. His troops killed 2,000 men. A great part of lands in Munster, Leinster and Ulster (Drogheda and Wexford) was confiscated and divided among the English soldiers 1650AD Ireland: Catholic landowners exiled to Connaught. 1653AD Erie/Iroquious: The Erie tribe is virtually annihilated by the Iroquois 1660AD England: Accession of Charles II. 1661AD France: Louis XIV (The Sun King) becomes ruler of France. 1664AD England: The British take control of all of New York... the Dutch are out of America, politically. Dutch settlers stay in the area, under British control. 1665AD England: The Bubonic Plague, or Black Death, strikes London. 70,000 die. 1666AD England: The Great Fire of London burns most of London, England to the ground. 1672AD Ireland: Over 6,000 Irish boys and women sold as slaves since England gained control of Jamaica. 1675AD Pueblo/Spain: In New Mexico, tension grows between Pueblo Indians and Spaniards, who accuse the Pueblos of using witchcraft to kill several friars and colonists. Three Indians are hanged by the Spanish. 1680AD Pueblo/Spain: Pope, a Pueblo Indian and medicine man, leads a sussessful revolt against Spanish colonists in New Mexico 1682AD France: Royal court moves to Versailles 1682AD Halley's comet. 1685AD England: Accession of James II. 1685AD China: Chinese ports opened to foreign trade 1688AD England: English Revolution, James II deposed in England. 1689AD England: Siege and relief of Derry. James II's Parliment restored all lands confiscated since 1641 1689AD Russia: Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia 1690AD England: William of Orange (William III) lands at Carrickfergus and defeats James II at Battle of the Boyne. 11,000 "WILD GEESE soldiers sail for France. 1691AD Ireland: Catholic defeat at Aughrim and surrender at Limerick. 1692AD England: Salem witch hunts. 1695AD England: English government ends press censorship 1695AD Ireland: Anti-Catholic Penal Laws Introduced Catholics hold 14% of land in Ireland. 1697AD Spain/Maya: The city of Tayasal, capital of the Itzá in the Petén, is taken by the Spanish. Thus the last Maya independent political entity is subdued to the Spanish Crown. 1698AD Ireland: William Molyneaux pamphlet against England making laws for Ireland. 1699AD China/England: The British East India Company establishes a trading post in Canton. 1712AD Russia: Peter the Great moved the Russian capital to St. Petersburg. 1714AD England: King George I becomes King of England. He rules for 13 years, till 1727 1715AD France: Louis XIV dies and Louis XV accedes 1727AD England: King George II becomes King of England. He sits on the crown for 33 years, until 1760 1728AD China: Encyclopedia published. 1754AD England/France: French and Indian war begins 1756AD Austria: W. A. Mozart born in Salzburg 1763AD England/France: The French and Indian War Ends. The French have finally been defeated and driven out of North America, after 100 years of conflict. They give up rights to lands they occupied in Canada and the upper Mississippi River Valley 1769AD England: James Watt invents the steam engine and the industrial revolution begins. 1769AD France: Napoleon Bonaparte born in Ajaccio, Corsica 1770AD England: The Boston Massacre, where British troops fire on Bostonians throwing snowballs will be a rallying cry through the Revolutionary years. 1774AD France: Louis XVI becomes king 1776AD USA: Decliration of Independance signed, creating the United States of America 1781AD England/USA: British surrender at Yorktown, ending war 1782AD Ireland: Legislative Independence won from Britain by Irish Parliament. 1783AD England/USA: Britain recognizes U.S. independence at the Peace of Versailles 1788AD USA: U.S. Constitution ratified 1789AD France: French Revolution, storming of La Bastille 1791AD USA: U.S. Bill of Rights (First 10 Amendments) ratified 1792AD France: Louis XVI tried for treason and convicted; monarchy abolished 1793AD France: Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are guillotined in Paris 1793AD USA: Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin 1793AD China/England: Lord Macartney's (England) embassy is unsuccessful. 1794AD France: Robespierre overthrown and end of Reign of Terror 1796AD France: Napoleon weds Rose de Beauharnais (the future Empress Joséphine) 1799AD Egypt: Rosetta Stone found in Egypt 1799AD France: Robert in France invents a paper-making machine 1799AD France: General Bonaparte enters Paris 1803AD Ireland: Robert Emmett's rising, trial and execution. 1803AD USA/France: Louisiana Territory purchased by U.S. from France 1803AD- 1815AD France: Napoleonic Wars expand the Empire 1804AD France: Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I 1806AD USA: Lewis and Clark Expedition begins 1812AD USA/England: U.S. declares War on Britain 1814AD USA/England: U.S.-Britain War ends with the Treaty of Ghent 1814AD France: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 1814AD- 1824AD France: Reign of Louis XVIII 1816AD China/England: Lord Amherst of England's embassy is unsuccessful. 1815AD France: Napoleon enters Paris, the beginning of the "100 Days", Napoleon defeated at Waterloo, Napoleon is deported to Santa Helena, an island off the coast of Africa 1817AD Venezuela: Simon Bolivar establishes the independent nation of Venezuela 1821AD Spain/Mexico: Mexico becomes independent from Spain. 1824AD- 1830AD France: Reign of Charles X 1824AD Peru: Simon Bolivar proclaimed Emperor of Peru 1827AD France: Nicéphore Niépce makes a true photograph 1829AD Ireland: Catholic emancipation passed. Tithe War began. 1830AD- 1848AD France: Reign of Louis Philippe 1837AD England: Accession of Queen Victoria. 1837AD USA: Samuel F.B. Morse invents the telegraph 1838AD- 1839AD USA/Cherokee: Trail of Tears: Forced Migration of Cherokee Indians 1841AD China/England: Hong Kong is taken by Britain. 1845AD Ireland: Blight in the Potato Harvest. 1846AD USA/Mexico: U.S. declares war on Mexico-gains California, Arizona, New Mexico 1848AD France: Revolution. Second Republic. Slavery abolished. 1852AD France: Napoleon I's nephew crowned as Emperor Napoleon III 1853AD France: Haussman redesigns Paris 1854AD France: Bourseul in France builds an experimental telephone 1859AD USA: first oil well drilled at Titusville, Pa 1861AD-